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Related Concept Videos

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Electric Field of a Charged Disk01:23

Electric Field of a Charged Disk

The simplest case of a surface charge distribution is the uniformly charged disk. Calculating its electric field also helps us calculate the electric field of a large plane of charge.
The system's symmetry is in the cylindrical directions across the plane of the charge. As a result, the electric fields created by various surface charge elements nullify each other in the direction parallel to the surface. Thereby, the resulting electric field is perpendicular to the plane. Since the disk is...
Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Published on: August 12, 2013

Charge regulation and local dielectric function in planar polyelectrolyte brushes.

Rajeev Kumar1, Bobby G Sumpter, S Michael Kilbey

  • 1National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA. kumarr@ornl.gov

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|July 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new field-theory explains how inhomogeneity affects polyelectrolyte brushes. Ion-pair dipole moments significantly influence dielectric properties and local charge, depending on salt concentration and pH.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding inhomogeneity effects on charge regulation and dielectric properties in macromolecules is a persistent challenge.
  • Macromolecular conformational characteristics are crucial for these properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a field-theory to investigate charge regulation and local dielectric function in planar polyelectrolyte brushes.
  • Analyze the influence of salt concentration and pH on these properties.

Main Methods:

  • A field-theory approach was developed.
  • The theory was applied to a polyacid brush system in equilibrium with a bulk solution.
  • The study focused on the effects of added salt and pH.

Main Results:

  • Ion-pair dipole moments are key to local dielectric function.
  • A dielectric decrement is predicted for monomers with lower dipole moments than solvent.
  • More polar ion-pairs increase dielectric function magnitude; higher salt concentration increases local charge.

Conclusions:

  • The developed field-theory provides insights into polyelectrolyte brush behavior.
  • Ion-pair polarity and salt concentration are critical factors determining dielectric properties and charge distribution.