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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Basic Operations on Signals01:22

Basic Operations on Signals

Basic signal operations include time reversal, time scaling, time shifting, and amplitude transformations. These operations are fundamental in signal processing and analysis.
Time Reversal mirrors a continuous-time signal about the vertical axis at t=0. This is achieved by substituting t with −t. For example, if a signal x(t) is considered, the time-reversed signal is x(−t). This operation can be graphically represented, showing the mirrored signal.
Signal Flow Graphs01:18

Signal Flow Graphs

Signal-flow graphs offer a streamlined and intuitive approach to representing control systems, providing an alternative to traditional block diagrams. These graphs use branches to symbolize systems and nodes to represent signals, effectively illustrating the relationships and interactions within the system.
In a signal-flow graph, branches denote the system's transfer functions, while nodes represent the signals. The direction of signal flow is indicated by arrows, with the corresponding...
Clipper Circuit01:18

Clipper Circuit

A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
The operation of a clipper circuit can be exemplified by analyzing a dual-clipper configuration setup that integrates two ideal diodes, each paired with a biasing...
Transformations of Functions III01:20

Transformations of Functions III

Transformations modify the graphical representation of a function without changing its fundamental form. One common transformation is reflection, which flips the graph across a designated axis. When the vertical coordinates of all points are multiplied by the negative one, the entire graph is mirrored over the horizontal axis. This transformation reverses the vertical orientation of peaks and troughs, akin to signal inversion in electrical systems, where a waveform is flipped, but the timing of...
Clamper Circuit01:14

Clamper Circuit

A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to conduct,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS
09:45

Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS

Published on: June 3, 2011

FLIP: a flop for execution signals.

Kothandharaman Subramaniam1, Jayshree L Hirpara, Lisa Tucker-Kellogg

  • 1Apoptosis, ROS and Cancer Biology Program, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Cancer Letters
|July 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer cells resist apoptosis due to an imbalance of cell death proteins, notably the over-expressed FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP). Understanding FLIP

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A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS
09:45

Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS

Published on: June 3, 2011

Laser-induced Forward Transfer for Flip-chip Packaging of Single Dies
08:21

Laser-induced Forward Transfer for Flip-chip Packaging of Single Dies

Published on: March 20, 2015

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity
09:52

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity

Published on: September 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Resistance to apoptosis is a key characteristic of cancer cells, often resulting from an imbalance between pro-death and anti-apoptotic proteins.
  • The anti-apoptotic protein, FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP), is over-expressed in various human pathologies and linked to cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the structural and functional biology of FLIP.
  • To highlight FLIP's role in carcinogenesis and its relevance to chemotherapy resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on FLIP's structure, function, and regulation.
  • Analysis of FLIP's interaction with apoptotic pathways, particularly caspase-8.
  • Exploration of FLIP's association with signaling networks and metabolic processes.

Main Results:

  • FLIP inhibits apoptosis by impeding the processing of pro-caspase-8 within the death-initiating signaling complex (DISC).
  • FLIP expression is associated with chemotherapy resistance in various cancers.
  • FLIP exhibits complex regulation and crosstalk with diverse cellular signaling and metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • FLIP is a critical protein in carcinogenesis and a determinant of chemotherapy resistance.
  • Further understanding of FLIP's genomic organization, transcription, and post-transcriptional regulation may reveal novel therapeutic targets for drug-refractory cancers.