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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults
04:41

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Published on: February 25, 2022

[Septic arthritis and gout--a case report].

S Serra1, P Monteiro, A Vaz

  • 1Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. saramserra@hotmail.com

Acta Reumatologica Portuguesa
|July 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights a rare instance of septic arthritis coexisting with gout in a patient with a Staphylococcus aureus infection. The study details the diagnostic challenges and treatment of this complex joint infection.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults
04:41

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Gouty arthritis and septic arthritis are distinct inflammatory joint conditions.
  • Co-occurrence of gout and septic arthritis is uncommon but clinically significant.
  • Traumatic injuries can serve as a portal for bacterial seeding of joints.

Observation:

  • A 54-year-old male presented with acute oligoarthritis and a purulent discharge from a traumatic thumb amputation site.
  • Arthrocentesis revealed purulent fluid with sodium monourate crystals and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • The patient developed a cervical abscess with mediastinal extension and destruction of sternoclavicular and costochondral joints.

Findings:

  • Meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was identified as the causative agent of septic arthritis.
  • The patient's presentation demonstrated the potential for rapid progression of infection.
  • Concurrent presence of sodium monourate crystals suggested underlying gouty arthritis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering septic arthritis in patients with acute joint inflammation, even with a history of gout.
  • Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management are crucial to prevent severe joint destruction and systemic complications.
  • Understanding the interplay between crystal-induced and infectious arthritis is vital for effective patient care.