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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Oncolytic virotherapy.

Stephen J Russell1, Kah-Whye Peng, John C Bell

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. sjr@mayo.edu

Nature Biotechnology
|July 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oncolytic virotherapy uses cancer-killing viruses. Advances show promise for cures, improved virus spread, and enhanced immune response, with a key trial in melanoma nearing completion.

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Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses
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Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats
08:55

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Published on: April 15, 2016

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses
12:08

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses

Published on: June 25, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy utilizes replication-competent viruses as a novel cancer treatment.
  • Recent progress includes preclinical validation of single-administration cures and enhanced intratumoral virus propagation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in oncolytic virotherapy.
  • To highlight key milestones and challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies demonstrating feasibility and drug potentiation.
  • Analysis of strategies for optimizing immunotherapeutic effects.
  • Examination of clinical trial data, including a Phase 3 trial for metastatic melanoma.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical proof-of-concept for single-shot virotherapy cures.
  • Identification of drugs accelerating virus spread within tumors.
  • Clinical confirmation of a viremic threshold for effective viral delivery and replication.
  • Completion of accrual for a Phase 3 trial of talimogene laherparepvec for melanoma.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy is a rapidly advancing field with significant clinical progress.
  • Key challenges include platform selection, immune system modulation, improved preclinical models, and scalable manufacturing.