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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

Introduction: Nipah virus--discovery and origin.

Kaw Bing Chua1

  • 1Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore. chuakb@tll.org.sg

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|July 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The 1999 Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia revealed the significant danger of henipaviruses, prompting global health awareness. This event spurred research into identifying the virus and its bat reservoir.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited knowledge of henipavirus infections prior to 1999, with only Hendra virus cases documented.
  • The Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia highlighted the severe pathogenic potential of paramyxoviruses.
  • Henipaviruses represent a significant zoonotic threat with potential for widespread distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the initial discovery and characterization of Nipah virus.
  • To detail the challenges in identifying the etiological agent of the Malaysian encephalitis outbreak.
  • To outline early efforts in isolating Nipah virus from its suspected bat reservoir host.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological investigation of the Malaysian outbreak.
  • Clinical and laboratory analysis of febrile encephalitis cases.

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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

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Production of High-Titer Infectious Influenza Pseudotyped Particles with Envelope Glycoproteins from Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Avian H7N9 Viruses
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Production of High-Titer Infectious Influenza Pseudotyped Particles with Envelope Glycoproteins from Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Avian H7N9 Viruses

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

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08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
08:56

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

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Production of High-Titer Infectious Influenza Pseudotyped Particles with Envelope Glycoproteins from Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Avian H7N9 Viruses
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Production of High-Titer Infectious Influenza Pseudotyped Particles with Envelope Glycoproteins from Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Avian H7N9 Viruses

Published on: January 15, 2020

  • Initial virological studies for pathogen identification.
  • Ecological studies to identify the Nipah virus reservoir host.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of Nipah virus as the causative agent of the Malaysian outbreak.
    • Confirmation of severe febrile encephalitis in human cases.
    • Evidence suggesting bats as the natural reservoir host for Nipah virus.
    • Challenges in rapid isolation and characterization of the novel virus.

    Conclusions:

    • The Nipah virus outbreak underscored the emergence of novel henipaviruses as a global health concern.
    • Effective control and prevention strategies require understanding the virus's ecology and transmission.
    • Further research is crucial for characterizing henipaviruses and mitigating their impact.