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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

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Arrhythmias in the athlete.

F Bisbal¹, L Mont

¹Arrhythmia Section, Cardiology Department, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie

|July 12, 2012

Summary

Intense exercise benefits cardiovascular health but can trigger events in those with underlying conditions. Athlete's heart, a common adaptation, may cause structural changes and arrhythmias in athletes.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Sports Medicine
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Regular exercise is crucial for cardiovascular health, primarily by mitigating risk factors.
Intense exercise can precipitate acute cardiac events and sudden cardiac death in predisposed individuals.
Athlete's heart describes cardiac adaptations in athletes, potentially including myocardial changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of cardiac adaptations in athletes.
To explore the controversial link between athlete's heart and myocardial structural changes.
To examine the potential for exercise-induced arrhythmias in athletes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent data on exercise, cardiac adaptations, and arrhythmias.

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Analysis of studies investigating morphological and electrical changes in the athlete's heart.

Synthesis of evidence regarding fibrosis and atrial/ventricular enlargement.

Main Results:

Intense exercise offers significant cardiovascular benefits but poses risks for susceptible individuals.
Athlete's heart involves cardiac remodeling, potentially leading to atrial and ventricular enlargement.
Evidence suggests exercise may induce myocardial fibrosis, creating a substrate for arrhythmias.

Conclusions:

Athlete's heart adaptations may include structural changes and fibrosis.
These changes could predispose athletes to arrhythmias.
Further research is needed to clarify the risks and mechanisms involved.