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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: May 20, 2026

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Published on: October 30, 2016

Protocol for the clonal analysis of NK cell effector functions by multi-parameter flow cytometry.

Kathrin Schönberg¹, Maryam Hejazi, Markus Uhrberg

¹Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Clinic, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|July 12, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new flow cytometry method to identify specific natural killer (NK) cell subsets. This technique precisely measures killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) expression and cytolytic activity for better understanding immune responses.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Published on: October 30, 2016

Discrimination of Seven Immune Cell Subsets by Two-fluorochrome Flow Cytometry

Discrimination of Seven Immune Cell Subsets by Two-fluorochrome Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 5, 2019

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cytotoxicity Assay for the Assessment of Human NK Cell Activity

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cytotoxicity Assay for the Assessment of Human NK Cell Activity

Published on: August 9, 2017

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Biology
Virology

Background:

Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for early defense against viral infections.
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells regulate their activity and are key in viral immunity (HCV, HIV).
Existing methods cannot precisely define NK cell effector subsets based on KIR expression and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a flow cytometry protocol for analyzing NK cell cytolytic activity and KIR expression at a clonal level.
To enable precise identification and isolation of functionally relevant NK cell subsets.

Main Methods:

Developed a flow cytometry protocol combining KIR expression analysis with CD107 mobilization assay.
Incorporated intracellular perforin or granzyme B staining to identify NK cells with cytotoxic granule loading defects.
Validated the protocol for measuring NK cell function in healthy and pathological conditions.

Main Results:

The protocol allows for precise enumeration of cytolytic NK cells specific for HLA class I.
It enables the identification of NK cells with deficient cytotoxic granule loading.
The method reliably measures NK cell function in viral infections and hematological diseases.

Conclusions:

This protocol facilitates the identification and isolation of cytotoxic NK cells on a clonal level.
It provides a reliable tool for assessing NK cell function in various health and disease states.
This advancement aids in understanding NK cell roles in immunity and disease pathogenesis.