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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Motivation and Emotion01:29

Introduction to Motivation and Emotion

Motivation is a multifaceted process that drives behavior toward fulfilling various physiological or psychological needs. This process involves initiating, guiding, and maintaining specific actions influenced by internal and external factors. For example, when someone feels hungry while watching television, hunger is a motivator, prompting the individual to get up, walk to the kitchen, and find something to eat. In this instance, hunger initiates and sustains the behavior necessary to meet the...
Primary Motives: Sleep, Sex, and Pain Avoidance01:24

Primary Motives: Sleep, Sex, and Pain Avoidance

Primary motives such as sleep, sex, and pain avoidance are crucial drivers of behavior in humans and animals. These motives ensure survival, reproductive success, and overall well-being by prompting actions that meet essential bodily needs.
Sleep is a fundamental physiological drive that fosters a state of restfulness crucial for several bodily functions. It facilitates body restoration, the process by which the body repairs, rejuvenates, and maintains itself during sleep, including memory...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
Primary Motives: Hunger and Thirst01:25

Primary Motives: Hunger and Thirst

Hunger and thirst are fundamental physiological drives crucial for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the survival of both humans and animals. These drives are regulated through complex interactions between the brain, hormones, and sensory receptors.
Hunger arises when the brain detects changes in the body's nutrient levels, including glucose, lipids, amino acids, and hormones such as ghrelin and leptin. The hypothalamus plays a central role in hunger regulation. The lateral hypothalamus acts...
Drive-Reduction Theory: Push Theory of Motivation01:27

Drive-Reduction Theory: Push Theory of Motivation

Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory, introduced in the 1940s and 1950s and often termed the "push theory" of motivation, provides a framework for understanding how biological and learned drives influence behavior. Hull suggested that motivation originates from the need to alleviate physiological tension caused by unmet biological necessities. The theory proposes that when a basic need, such as hunger or sleep, goes unfulfilled, it creates an internal imbalance. This imbalance, or drive, pushes...
Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation01:21

Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation

Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
12:09

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Histamine and motivation.

Fernando Torrealba1, Maria E Riveros, Marco Contreras

  • 1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|July 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain histamine is crucial for motivation, influencing both seeking and consuming rewards. Its dysfunction is linked to apathy and addiction, highlighting its broader roles beyond wakefulness.

Keywords:
addictionapathyappetitehistamineinfralimbic cortexmotivationtuberomamillary nucleus

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
12:09

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

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Published on: June 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Brain histamine's role in wakefulness is well-established.
  • Its involvement in other functions, particularly motivation, is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for brain histamine's central role in motivation.
  • To differentiate its involvement in appetitive and consummatory phases of motivated behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature.
  • Analysis of neurobiological pathways controlling histaminergic neurons.

Main Results:

  • Histamine plays a key role in motivation, distinct in appetitive and consummatory phases.
  • Inputs to hypothalamic tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) neurons regulate motivated behaviors, sleep/wake cycles, and food anticipation.
  • Histaminergic neuron dysfunction and cortical histamine alterations are linked to apathy.
  • The histamine system is implicated in drug addiction via motivational pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Brain histamine is a critical modulator of motivated behaviors.
  • Understanding histamine's role offers insights into apathy and addiction.
  • Further research into the histamine system's motivational functions is warranted.