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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

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Subtrochanteric femoral stress fracture with features of atypical femoral fracture in patient with Paget's disease: a case report.

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Femur shaft fracture following osteoid osteoma radiofrequency ablation.

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Glomus tumor as a cause of oncogenic osteomalacia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
05:30

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 5, 2014

Crosstalk between the brain and bone.

Laura Masi1

  • 1Assistant Physician of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, AOUC Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism : the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism, and Skeletal Diseases
|July 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nervous system influences bone metabolism and remodeling. Recent discoveries highlight the significant role of neural control in bone health and function.

Keywords:
beta-adrenergic signalingbone nervesleptinneuropeptidesserotonin

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Isolating Immune Cells from Mouse Brain and Skull
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Isolating Immune Cells from Mouse Brain and Skull

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Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
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Isolating Immune Cells from Mouse Brain and Skull

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Skeletal system physiology

Background:

  • Bone remodeling involves osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes responding to systemic and local factors.
  • The nervous system's role in maintaining bodily homeostasis is established.
  • Historical anatomical studies dating back to 1545 have indicated a relationship between nerves and bone structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anatomical and physiological evidence for nerve involvement in bone.
  • To highlight the recent advancements in understanding neural control of bone metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical anatomical documentation of bone innervation.
  • Summary of studies investigating nerve fiber types in bone tissue.
  • Analysis of recent research on neural regulation of bone metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Cortical bone is densely innervated with both myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers.
  • These nerve fibers are associated with vascular structures within the bone.
  • Emerging evidence points to a significant role for neural control in bone metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Nerves play a crucial, often overlooked, role in regulating bone's metabolic and anabolic activities.
  • Understanding neuro-osseous interactions is vital for comprehending bone health and disease.
  • Further research into neural control mechanisms can unlock new therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders.