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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

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Updated: May 20, 2026

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
05:51

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

Published on: July 19, 2019

Inherent proton conduction in a 2D coordination framework.

Daiki Umeyama1, Satoshi Horike, Munehiro Inukai

  • 1Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates intrinsic proton conduction in a novel coordination network. The material exhibits Grotthuss-type proton hopping facilitated by phosphate ligand rotation.

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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Proton conduction is crucial for energy applications like fuel cells.
  • Developing new materials with efficient proton conductivity is an ongoing challenge.
  • Coordination polymers offer tunable structures for functional properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel coordination polymer for proton conduction.
  • To investigate the mechanism of proton transport within the material.
  • To explore the potential of coordination networks as proton conductors.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a coordination polymer using Zn(2+), 1,2,4-triazole, and orthophosphates.
  • Structural characterization of the two-dimensional layered compound.
  • Impedance spectroscopy on powder and single crystals to measure proton conductivity.
  • Analysis of activation energy to determine the conduction mechanism.

Main Results:

  • A novel coordination polymer with a 2D layered structure was successfully synthesized.
  • Intrinsic proton conductivity was observed parallel to the layers.
  • The conduction mechanism was identified as Grotthuss-type proton hopping.
  • Low activation energy indicated efficient proton hopping promoted by phosphate ligand rotation.

Conclusions:

  • Coordination networks can exhibit intrinsic proton conductivity.
  • The synthesized material demonstrates potential as a proton conductor.
  • Understanding the role of structural features, like ligand rotation, is key to designing efficient proton-conducting materials.