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Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Response Surface Methodology01:16

Response Surface Methodology

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback01:24

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem: self-efficacy,...
Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Rotter's Locus of Control01:14

Rotter's Locus of Control

Julian Rotter introduced the concept of locus of control, a cognitive factor that significantly influences personality development and learning. Locus of control refers to an individual's beliefs about the extent of control they have over events in their lives. According to Rotter, this belief system can be categorized into two types: internal and external locus of control.
Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that their personal efforts and decisions directly affect their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Mixed Reality for Education (MRE) Implementation and Results in Online Classes for Engineering
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Achieving 360° student feedback using SPaCE.

Amy Garry1, Kevin Stirling

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Tayside, UK.

The Clinical Teacher
|July 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new tool, Simulated Patient Candidate Evaluation (SPaCE), helps simulated patients give balanced feedback to medical students. This structured tool aids in identifying performance differences and correlates with assessment scores.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Healthcare Simulation
  • Clinical Skills Assessment

Background:

  • Simulated patients (SPs) are integral to undergraduate medical training, providing crucial feedback.
  • Current feedback methods by SPs can be unbalanced, often focusing on negative aspects.
  • Standardized feedback is needed to enhance the quality of SP-delivered evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a closed-feedback tool for SPs.
  • To provide constructive feedback to final-year medical students post-simulation.
  • To improve the objectivity and structure of feedback in medical education.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Simulated Patient Candidate Evaluation (SPaCE) tool.
  • Evaluation by SPs reviewing Final Year Ward Simulation Exercise (FYWSE) videos.

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  • Assessment of tool applicability and ease of use by SPs.

    • Main Results:

    • SPs found the SPaCE tool easy to use and effective in differentiating student performance.
    • The tool facilitated the provision of feedback based on specific student interactions.
    • SP assessments using the tool correlated with official assessment panel marks.

    Conclusions:

    • The SPaCE tool offers a structured and standardized method for SP feedback.
    • It enables quick and easy completion by SPs during medical training assessments.
    • SPs believe strong interpersonal skills and interaction quality are key to student performance.