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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

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Risk factors in facial hyperpigmentation in Maghrebian population - a case-control study.

H Benchikhi¹, N Atide, I Jroundi

¹Department of Dermatology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco. hbenchikhi@hotmail.com

International Journal of Cosmetic Science

|July 13, 2012

Summary

Facial hyperpigmentation (FH) in North African women is linked to hormonal imbalances, cultural practices like using friction gloves and traditional masks, and topical corticosteroid use. Avoiding these triggers may help manage FH.

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Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro

Published on: March 6, 2019

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Epidemiology

Background:

Facial hyperpigmentation (FH) is a common dermatological concern.
Multiple factors contribute to FH pathogenesis, particularly in individuals with darker skin types.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the specific risk factors associated with facial hyperpigmentation (FH) within the Maghrebian population.
To identify key triggers for FH in this demographic for potential management strategies.

Main Methods:

A case-controlled study design was employed.
Data collected included demographics, medical history (hormonal, endocrinological), cultural behaviors, and product usage (topical corticosteroids, sunscreens).
One hundred women with FH were compared with 200 age-matched controls.

Main Results:

Significant associations were found between FH and hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, friction glove use, traditional mask application, and topical corticosteroid use.
No significant differences were observed regarding age, phototype, parity, acne, oral contraceptive use, thyroid disorders, or sun exposure levels.
Topical corticosteroid use was notably higher in the FH group (40%) compared to controls (5%).

Conclusions:

Hyperestrogenemia, friction glove use, traditional Moroccan masks, and topical steroid application are identified as significant risk factors for FH in Maghrebian women.
Eliminating these identified triggering factors can be a valuable adjunct in the clinical assessment and management of facial hyperpigmentation.