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Related Concept Videos

Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Developmental changes in organization of structural brain networks.

Budhachandra S Khundrakpam1, Andrew Reid, Jens Brauer

  • 1McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|July 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain network organization undergoes significant changes during late childhood, shifting towards a more random configuration. This period reveals critical brain plasticity, supporting adolescent development and pubertal changes.

Keywords:
adolescenceconnectivityconnector hubcortical thicknessmaturation

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Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Cognitive development is linked to brain maturation and organizational fine-tuning.
  • The developmental trajectory of large-scale structural brain networks remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental changes in structural brain network organization using graph theory.
  • To identify age-specific topological properties and maturation patterns in children and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized graph theory to analyze structural brain networks in 203 participants across four age groups.
  • Constructed networks based on interregional correlations in cortical thickness.
  • Examined topological properties like local and global efficiency, and modularity.

Main Results:

  • Late childhood (8.5–11.3 years) exhibited significant shifts in network topology, including reduced local efficiency and modularity, alongside increased global efficiency.
  • This age group showed an increased number and distribution span of connector hubs.
  • Early maturation of sensorimotor regions and delayed development of association and paralimbic regions were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Late childhood represents a critical window of brain plasticity, characterized by significant network reorganization.
  • These findings provide insights into the developmental trajectory of brain networks supporting cognitive maturation and adaptation to adolescent changes.