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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
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Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
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Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

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Targeting proteins to the ER
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Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification
10:21

Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification

Published on: November 16, 2016

Unconventional protein secretion.

Yu Ding1, Juan Wang, Junqi Wang

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Trends in Plant Science
|July 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) in plants, a pathway for proteins lacking signal peptides, is gaining attention. This review explores evidence for UPS in plants, focusing on the newly identified EXPO (exocyst-positive-organelle).

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Area of Science:

  • Plant cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Protein secretion pathways

Background:

  • The conventional protein secretion pathway involves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi-trans-Golgi network (TGN)-plasma membrane (PM).
  • This pathway is signal peptide (SP)-dependent and cannot account for SP-lacking proteins found extracellularly.
  • Leaderless secretory proteins (LSPs) require alternative secretion routes, termed unconventional protein secretion (UPS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing evidence for unconventional protein secretion (UPS) in plants.
  • To highlight the significance of SP-lacking proteins in plant extracellular proteomes.
  • To discuss the role of the recently discovered EXPO (exocyst-positive-organelle) in plant UPS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of plant cell biology and protein secretion studies.
  • Analysis of recent findings on leaderless secretory proteins (LSPs) in plants.
  • Examination of the exocyst complex and related organelles in secretion.

Main Results:

  • Growing evidence suggests UPS is active in plant cells, complementing the conventional pathway.
  • Numerous SP-lacking proteins are identified outside the plasma membrane in plants.
  • The EXPO (exocyst-positive-organelle) has emerged as a potential key player in plant UPS.

Conclusions:

  • Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is a crucial mechanism for protein export in plants, particularly for LSPs.
  • Further research into plant UPS is warranted, moving beyond the traditional ER-Golgi pathway.
  • The EXPO organelle represents a significant advancement in understanding plant unconventional secretion.