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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Longitudinal Intravital Imaging of Brain Tumor Cell Behavior in Response to an Invasive Surgical Biopsy

Longitudinal Intravital Imaging of Brain Tumor Cell Behavior in Response to an Invasive Surgical Biopsy

Published on: May 3, 2019

Bugging tumors.

Robert M Hoffman¹

¹AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA 92111, USA. all@anticancer.com

Cancer Discovery

|July 13, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered Salmonella bacteria show promise for cancer treatment. Researchers identified specific bacterial promoters activated by tumors, enhancing Salmonella

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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Longitudinal Intravital Imaging of Brain Tumor Cell Behavior in Response to an Invasive Surgical Biopsy

Longitudinal Intravital Imaging of Brain Tumor Cell Behavior in Response to an Invasive Surgical Biopsy

Published on: May 3, 2019

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Published on: July 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Microbiology
Bacterial Therapy

Background:

Bacteria have been explored for cancer treatment for over 200 years.
Both anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria show efficacy in preclinical cancer models.
Tumors often create an acidic microenvironment and are characterized by specific cellular signals.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify bacterial genetic elements responsive to the tumor microenvironment.
To engineer bacteria for enhanced tumor-targeting and efficacy.
To evaluate the potential of modified bacteria as a cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

Screening of Salmonella typhimurium promoters for activation by cancer cells and acidic pH.
Genetic engineering of Salmonella to incorporate a Shiga toxin gene under the control of a tumor-specific promoter.
In vivo testing of engineered Salmonella typhimurium in cancer models.

Main Results:

Five Salmonella promoters were identified that are specifically stimulated by cancer cells and acidic pH.
An engineered Salmonella strain carrying a Shiga toxin gene (STM1787 promoter) demonstrated in vivo antitumor activity.
The study discusses strategies for further enhancing bacterial therapy efficacy through tumor-targeting mutations.

Conclusions:

Specific Salmonella promoters can be exploited for targeted bacterial cancer therapy.
Engineered Salmonella typhimurium shows potential as an effective antitumor agent.
Bacterial cancer therapy presents a promising future, leveraging tumor-specific conditions.