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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Extraosseous talotarsal stabilization devices: a new classification system.

Michael E Graham1, Nikhil T Jawrani

  • 1Graham International Implant Institute, Macomb, MI, USA. MGraham@grahamiii.com

The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extraosseous talotarsal stabilization (EOTTS) devices correct partial talotarsal dislocation by limiting hyperpronation. This classification system helps understand device differences and guides future research for better treatment outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Podiatry

Background:

  • Partial talotarsal dislocation, characterized by hyperpronation, affects all age groups.
  • This condition can lead to various foot and lower extremity pathologies.
  • Current treatments aim to correct hyperpronation, but device-specific differences are not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify Extraosseous talotarsal stabilization (EOTTS) devices.
  • To analyze the design features and biomechanical functioning of EOTTS devices.
  • To provide a framework for understanding device efficacy and guiding future research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing EOTTS devices.
  • Classification based on design features and biomechanical principles.
  • Theoretical description of device function and impact on talotarsal mechanics.

Main Results:

  • A novel classification system for EOTTS devices is proposed.
  • The classification highlights differences in design and function among various devices.
  • Theoretical insights into the mechanisms of success or failure for different EOTTS devices.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding EOTTS device variations is crucial for clinical application.
  • The proposed classification aids researchers and surgeons in device selection and study design.
  • Further research is needed to validate the functional differences and clinical outcomes associated with different EOTTS device classifications.