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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

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Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
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Ordering evolution of block copolymer thin films upon solvent-annealing process.

Dong Hyun Lee1, Heesook Cho, Seungmin Yoo

  • 1Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 126 Jookjeon-Dong, Suji-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 448-701, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymer thin films exhibit dynamic morphological transformations during solvent annealing. These ordered structures serve as templates for synthesizing gold nanoparticles, enabling tunable surface plasmon resonance.

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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (S2VP) copolymers form cylindrical poly(2-vinylpyridine) domains in bulk.
  • Control over thin film morphology is crucial for nanostructure fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ordering behavior of S2VP thin films induced by solvent annealing.
  • To explore the dynamic morphological transformations during the ordering process.
  • To utilize the resulting morphologies as templates for gold nanoparticle synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis.
  • Solvent annealing using toluene and chloroform.
  • Spin-coating of S2VP copolymer on silicon substrates.

Main Results:

  • Initial dimple-type micellar structures were observed upon dissolution in toluene.
  • S2VP thin films displayed cyclic transformations between disordered states, normal cylinders, and parallel cylinders during solvent annealing.
  • Synthesized gold nanoparticles and nanowires using these morphologies.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent annealing induces dynamic and reversible morphological changes in S2VP thin films.
  • The controlled morphologies can be effectively used as templates for creating gold nano-objects.
  • The synthesized gold nano-object arrays offer potential for tuning surface plasmon resonance properties.