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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
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Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

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Related Experiment Video

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Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
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Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

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[Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome].

D Staykov1, S Schwab

  • 1Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Deutschland. dimitre.staykov@uk-erlangen.de

Der Nervenarzt
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition affecting the brain's posterior regions. Early diagnosis and treatment of PRES are crucial for a good prognosis and preventing permanent neurological damage.

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Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats
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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
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Published on: June 21, 2019

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Published on: March 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Nephrology

Context:

  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a complex neurological disorder.
  • It presents with diverse clinical symptoms including seizures, headaches, and visual disturbances.
  • Radiological findings typically localize to the posterior brain regions, particularly occipital and parietal lobes.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical and radiological features of PRES.
  • To explore the spectrum of underlying causes associated with PRES.
  • To discuss pathophysiological hypotheses and fundamental therapeutic principles.

Summary:

  • PRES is linked to conditions such as hypertension, renal disease, and preeclampsia/eclampsia.
  • Endothelial damage is hypothesized as a central pathophysiological mechanism.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management, including withdrawal of causative agents, generally lead to favorable outcomes.

Impact:

  • Highlights the importance of early recognition and intervention in PRES to prevent severe complications.
  • Provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing patients with PRES.
  • Emphasizes the need for further research into PRES pathophysiology.