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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Microbial Corrosion01:24

Microbial Corrosion

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface
10:38

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

Published on: October 8, 2013

MicroRNAs and respiratory diseases.

Hitasha Rupani1, Tilman Sanchez-Elsner, Peter Howarth

  • 1Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. hitasha@doctors.org.uk

The European Respiratory Journal
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are crucial for lung health. Altered miRNA profiles are linked to pulmonary diseases, offering potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Initially identified as developmental regulators, miRNAs are now recognized for their roles in human disease pathogenesis.
  • Over 1,000 human miRNAs are known, but many functions and targets remain unelucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the significance of miRNAs in respiratory system development and homeostasis.
  • To investigate the association between altered miRNA expression and pulmonary disease development.
  • To highlight miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for respiratory disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on miRNA function in the respiratory system.

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface
10:38

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

Published on: October 8, 2013

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

  • Analysis of studies linking miRNA expression profiles to lung pathologies.
  • Identification of research gaps concerning miRNA targets and functions.

    • Main Results:

    • miRNAs play essential roles in normal pulmonary development and lung homeostasis.
    • Aberrant miRNA expression patterns are associated with various lung diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancers.
    • A significant number of miRNA functions and targets in the respiratory system require further investigation.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding miRNA roles in the respiratory system offers new insights into disease mechanisms.
    • miRNAs represent promising avenues for developing novel diagnostics and therapeutics for respiratory diseases.
    • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the complex involvement of miRNAs in pulmonary health and disease.