Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pangenome-based structural variant imputation enables large-scale genotype-phenotype studies in dairy cattle.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Emerging opportunities for DNA methylation biomarkers in cattle improvement.

The Journal of reproduction and development·2026
Same author

Liver transcriptome dynamics in Holstein cows during the periparturient transition.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Haplotype-resolved genome and pan-genome graphs reveal the impacts of structural variation on functional genome and feather colors in chickens.

iMetaOmics·2026
Same author

Gene variants in the pheromone vomeronasal receptors and QTLs around behavioral and fat metabolism genes associated with altered feed efficiency in cattle.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Phased-assembly-driven pangenome graphs for structural variant genotyping and complex trait mapping in dairy cattle.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants
09:32

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

Published on: November 8, 2017

Copy number variation in the cattle genome.

George E Liu1, Derek M Bickhart

  • 1Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, USDA-ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. George.Liu@ars.usda.gov

Functional & Integrative Genomics
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Copy number variations (CNVs) are genomic alterations impacting cattle traits. Research integrates CNV and segmental duplication data to understand their role in cattle domestication, health, and production.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Animal Genetics

Background:

  • Copy number variations (CNVs) are significant genomic alterations affecting gene structure, dosage, and regulation.
  • Segmental duplications (SDs) are key drivers and hotspots for CNV formation.
  • CNVs are crucial in mammalian phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility, with growing interest in domesticated species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and impact of CNVs in cattle.
  • To integrate CNV data with other genomic datasets for a comprehensive understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide studies utilizing microarray and next-generation sequencing technologies.
  • Integration of copy number variation and segmental duplication data with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets.

More Related Videos

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform
09:30

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform

Published on: August 17, 2022

Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing
09:45

Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing

Published on: February 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants
09:32

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

Published on: November 8, 2017

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform
09:30

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform

Published on: August 17, 2022

Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing
09:45

Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing

Published on: February 17, 2017

Main Results:

  • Multiple genome-wide studies have identified CNVs in cattle using various technologies.
  • Integration of datasets is beginning to reveal the influence of CNVs on cattle traits.

Conclusions:

  • CNVs play a role in cattle domestication, health, and production traits.
  • Further integration of genomic data will enhance understanding of CNV impacts in cattle.