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Updated: May 20, 2026

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
Published on: September 26, 2011
APOL1 variants in HIV-associated nephropathy: just one piece of the puzzle
Thomas Hays1, Christina M Wyatt
1Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Abstract:
Considerable attention has been focused on how the APOL1/MYH9 locus determines susceptibility to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Atta and colleagues found that homozygosity for APOL1 risk alleles was associated with many, but not all, HIVAN cases, and that APOL1 variation failed to predict characteristics of disease. Their work gives important impetus to identify other genetic and environmental factors that may provide a 'second hit' linking HIV infection to HIVAN.
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