Size-selective synthesis of ultrasmall hydrophilic CdSe nanoparticles in aqueous solution at room temperature

Hydrophilic semiconductor nanoparticles are very attractive for various biological applications, such as in optical sensing, tracing, and imaging of biological molecules-of-interest, because of their broad excitation wavelength, tunable emission wavelength, strong photoluminescence, and relatively high stability against photobleaching and chemicals. Compared to organic phase synthesis and subsequent surface modification, aqueous phase synthesis approaches provide multiple advantages for obtaining hydrophilic semiconductor nanoparticles. Here, we describe methods for the size-selective growth and stabilization of ultrasmall hydrophilic CdSe nanoparticles in aqueous solution at room temperature by using amino acid cysteine or one of its derivatives as a surface capping agent.