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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Combining Histochemical Staining and Image Analysis to Quantify Starch in the Ovary Primordia of Sweet Cherry during Winter Dormancy
07:25

Combining Histochemical Staining and Image Analysis to Quantify Starch in the Ovary Primordia of Sweet Cherry during Winter Dormancy

Published on: March 20, 2019

Hormonal changes during non-climacteric ripening in strawberry.

G M Symons1, Y-J Chua, J J Ross

  • 1School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormone levels in strawberries, a non-climacteric fruit, were analyzed during ripening. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) show potential roles, while brassinosteroids appear less involved in strawberry fruit ripening.

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Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose
11:02

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose

Published on: March 30, 2012

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Combining Histochemical Staining and Image Analysis to Quantify Starch in the Ovary Primordia of Sweet Cherry during Winter Dormancy
07:25

Combining Histochemical Staining and Image Analysis to Quantify Starch in the Ovary Primordia of Sweet Cherry during Winter Dormancy

Published on: March 20, 2019

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose
11:02

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose

Published on: March 30, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Fruit Ripening Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ethylene's role in climacteric fruit ripening is established, but non-climacteric fruit ripening mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) are hypothesized key regulators in non-climacteric strawberry (Fragaria anannassa) fruit development and ripening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic changes in key plant hormones during strawberry fruit development and ripening.
  • To elucidate the specific roles of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ABA, gibberellins (GA1, GA4), and brassinosteroids (castasterone) in strawberry ripening.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of endogenous hormone levels (IAA, ABA, GA1, castasterone) from anthesis to fully ripened strawberry fruit.
  • Assessment of exogenous hormone applications (NAA, GA3, paclobutrazol, ABA) on ripening progression.
  • Comparative analysis of hormone levels in achenes versus receptacle tissue.

Main Results:

  • IAA and GA1 levels peaked early in development and declined before ripening.
  • Castasterone levels were highest at anthesis, decreasing significantly before ripening, suggesting limited brassinosteroid involvement.
  • ABA levels gradually increased throughout development and ripening; exogenous ABA and GA3 had no significant effect on ripening.

Conclusions:

  • Strawberry ripening is not solely dependent on ethylene, and hormone profiles differ from other non-climacteric fruits like grapes.
  • IAA and ABA may play crucial roles in receptacle development and seed maturation, respectively.
  • Brassinosteroids likely have a minor role in the ripening process of strawberries.