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Related Concept Videos

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...

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Updated: May 20, 2026

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians
04:03

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians

Published on: September 27, 2024

Does roflumilast decrease exacerbations in severe COPD patients not controlled by inhaled combination therapy? The

Peter M A Calverley1, Fernando J Martinez, Leonardo M Fabbri

  • 1Clinical Science Center, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom. pmacal@liverpool.ac.uk

International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Roflumilast may further reduce exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when added to existing inhaled therapies. This study investigates its efficacy in frequent exacerbators despite optimal treatment.

Keywords:
ICSLABAchronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseexacerbationprotocolroflumilast

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians
04:03

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience frequent exacerbations despite maximal inhaled therapies.
  • Roflumilast is approved for severe COPD with chronic bronchitis and frequent exacerbations as an add-on to bronchodilators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • The REACT study (NCT01329029) evaluates if roflumilast reduces exacerbations in patients with frequent exacerbations on combination inhaled therapy.
  • Investigate roflumilast's additional benefit beyond standard treatments for COPD exacerbations.

Main Methods:

  • A 1-year, randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase III/IV study.
  • Roflumilast 500 μg daily or placebo added to long-acting β2-agonist/inhaled corticosteroid combination therapy, with optional long-acting muscarinic antagonist.
  • Primary outcome: rate of moderate or severe COPD exacerbations. Sample size: 967 patients per group.

Main Results:

  • Primary outcome data not yet available as study design is described.

Conclusions:

  • Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, may offer additional benefits due to its distinct mechanism of action.
  • The REACT study is crucial for defining roflumilast's role in managing frequent COPD exacerbations.