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Related Concept Videos

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
08:53

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

Published on: February 17, 2011

Loss of BRCA1-A complex function in RAP80 null tumor cells.

Chunjing Bian1, Rong Wu, Kathleen Cho

  • 1Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.

Plos One
|July 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Receptor Associated Protein 80 (RAP80) is crucial for DNA repair by scaffolding the BRCA1-A complex. A RAP80-null ovarian cancer cell line, TOV-21G, exhibits DNA repair defects and radiation hypersensitivity.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
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Published on: February 17, 2011

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Receptor Associated Protein 80 (RAP80) is a key component of the BRCA1-A complex, essential for targeting BRCA1 to DNA double-strand break sites.
  • BRCA1 mutations are linked to hereditary ovarian cancers, highlighting the importance of understanding DNA damage response pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of RAP80 in ovarian cancer by screening for mutations in RAP80 in ovarian cancer cell lines.
  • To characterize the functional consequences of RAP80 loss in the identified RAP80-null TOV-21G cell line.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 26 ovarian cancer cell lines for RAP80 mutations.
  • Mutation analysis, including identification of a specific mutation (c.1107G >A) in TOV-21G cells.
  • Assessment of BRCA1-A complex integrity, subunit relocation, DNA damage repair capacity, and radiation sensitivity.
  • Complementation assays by reintroducing wild-type RAP80 into TOV-21G cells.

Main Results:

  • TOV-21G cells were identified to harbor a RAP80 mutation (c.1107G >A) leading to a premature stop codon and loss of functional domains.
  • Both mutant and wild-type RAP80 alleles in TOV-21G cells showed hypermethylation-induced silencing, resulting in a RAP80-null state.
  • The BRCA1-A complex was disrupted in TOV-21G cells, with suppressed relocation of its subunits to DNA damage sites.
  • TOV-21G cells displayed hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation due to impaired DNA damage repair.

Conclusions:

  • RAP80 functions as a critical scaffold protein within the BRCA1-A complex, facilitating DNA damage response.
  • The RAP80-null TOV-21G cell line provides a valuable model for studying the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage response and its implications in ovarian cancer.