One-step fabrication of thermally stable TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite microspheres by evaporation-induced self-assembly

The evaporation-induced self-assembly of mixed colloids has been employed to synthesize microspheres of TiO(2)/SiO(2) nanocomposites. Small-angle neutron/X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy experiments reveal the hierarchical morphology of the microspheres. Although the internal structure of the microspheres, consisting of solely silica nanoparticles, gets significantly modified with time because of the reduction in the high specific surface area by internal coalescence, the same for the composite microspheres remains stable over an aging time of 1 year. Such temporal stability of the composite microspheres is attributed to the inhibition of coalescence of the silica nanoparticles in the presence of titania nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric results show the improved thermal stability of the composite grains against the anatase-to-rutile phase transition. Such thermal stability is attributed to the suppression of the growth of titania nanoparticles in the presence of silica nanoparticles. The UV-vis results indicate the confinement effect of the TiO(2) nanoparticles in the silica matrix. A plausible mechanism has been elucidated for the formation of microspheres with different morphology during self-assembly.