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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo
11:17

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

Published on: August 11, 2018

Chapter 2: Skin testing in allergy.

Tara F Carr, Carol A Saltoun

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |July 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Skin tests, including prick and intradermal methods, help diagnose IgE-mediated allergies like asthma. Results must be correlated with clinical symptoms for accurate allergy diagnosis.

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    Last Updated: May 20, 2026

    A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo
    11:17

    A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

    Published on: August 11, 2018

    A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
    08:02

    A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

    Published on: March 24, 2023

    Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
    07:22

    Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

    Published on: May 31, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Skin tests are crucial adjuncts to clinical evaluation for diagnosing IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
    • Commonly tested conditions include allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis.
    • Allergens tested encompass aeroallergens, foods, insect venoms, and certain drugs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the methodologies and interpretation of skin testing for allergy diagnosis.
    • To differentiate between percutaneous (prick) and intracutaneous (intradermal) testing techniques.
    • To emphasize the importance of correlating skin test results with patient symptoms.

    Main Methods:

    • Percutaneous testing (prick/puncture) involves superficial skin introduction of allergen extracts.
    • Intracutaneous testing involves intradermal injection of allergen extracts.
    • Skin testing is performed on the back or volar arm, with both sites showing reactivity.

    Main Results:

    • Prick testing is the initial method for detecting IgE, offering better clinical sensitivity and specificity.
    • Intradermal testing is more sensitive but less specific than prick testing.
    • Positive skin tests indicate sensitization, not necessarily active disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Skin testing is a valuable tool for identifying IgE-mediated allergies.
    • Accurate allergy diagnosis requires correlating skin test results with clinical presentation.
    • Both prick and intradermal methods are utilized, each with distinct characteristics.