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Chapter 10: Pediatric asthma: principles and treatment.
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
|July 17, 2012
Summary
Pediatric asthma often begins before age 3, with symptoms like wheezing and cough triggered by infections or environmental factors. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment with inhaled corticosteroids are key for managing childhood asthma effectively.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Allergy and Immunology
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Asthma commonly manifests in children under three years old, characterized by recurrent wheezing and cough.
- Symptoms are often triggered by viral infections, physical activity, or environmental changes, with prolonged recovery times after illness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the diagnostic indicators and therapeutic strategies for pediatric asthma.
- To emphasize the importance of trigger avoidance and appropriate controller medication.
Main Methods:
- Clinical history review focusing on symptom patterns, triggers, and response to bronchodilators.
- Assessment of symptom frequency and nocturnal awakenings to determine asthma persistence.
- Guideline-based recommendations for controller therapies, including inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).
Main Results:
- Persistent asthma, defined by symptoms >2 days/week or 2 nights/month, warrants daily controller therapy.
- Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the preferred first-line treatment for persistent pediatric asthma across all age groups.
- Alternative controllers like cromolyn and montelukast have specific dosing requirements and efficacy profiles compared to ICS.
Conclusions:
- Effective pediatric asthma management involves identifying triggers, maintaining lung function, and enabling normal daily activities.
- Daily ICS therapy is recommended for persistent asthma in children.
- Combination therapy with long-acting beta(2)-agonists and ICS is advised, avoiding monotherapy.
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First, in...