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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Chapter 24: Anaphylaxis.

Paul A Greenberger, Anne M Ditto

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |July 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction with potential for fatality, often occurring within 2 hours of exposure. Epinephrine is the critical emergency treatment, not antihistamines.

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    Last Updated: May 20, 2026

    Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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    Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
    07:22

    Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

    Published on: May 31, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Allergy and Immunology
    • Emergency Medicine
    • Pathophysiology

    Background:

    • Anaphylaxis is a sudden, life-threatening allergic reaction.
    • It can occur rapidly after exposure to triggers like foods, venoms, or medications.
    • Fatalities result from airway obstruction, shock, or cardiac arrest.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the pathophysiology and classification of anaphylaxis.
    • To highlight the critical role of chemical mediators in anaphylaxis.
    • To emphasize the primary treatment for anaphylaxis.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of anaphylaxis pathophysiology, including mast cell activation and mediator release.
    • Classification of anaphylaxis into immunologic (IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated), non-immunologic, and idiopathic.
    • Discussion of clinical presentation and emergency management.

    Main Results:

    • Anaphylaxis involves the release of mediators like histamine and leukotrienes, causing increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction.
    • Triggers include allergens (foods, venoms, drugs), physical factors (exercise, cold), and medications (opioids, vancomycin).
    • Mast cell activation is central, even in idiopathic cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Anaphylaxis requires immediate recognition and treatment.
    • Epinephrine is the first-line treatment of choice for anaphylaxis.
    • Understanding the diverse mechanisms is crucial for effective management.