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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Chapter 25: Idiopathic anaphylaxis.

Karen Hsu Blatman, Anne Marie Ditto

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |July 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) is a diagnosis of exclusion presenting with anaphylaxis symptoms without a clear trigger. Frequent IA attacks (IA-F) require prednisone therapy, while infrequent attacks (IA-I) may not, emphasizing personalized management strategies.

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    Last Updated: May 20, 2026

    Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
    07:49

    Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

    Published on: October 14, 2014

    Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation
    04:34

    Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

    Published on: September 14, 2018

    Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
    07:22

    Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

    Published on: May 31, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Allergy and Clinical Immunology
    • Emergency Medicine

    Background:

    • Idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) is defined as anaphylaxis without an identifiable cause.
    • Clinical manifestations of IA mirror those of allergen-associated anaphylaxis, including urticaria, angioedema, hypotension, and respiratory distress.
    • IA is a prednisone-responsive condition and a diagnosis of exclusion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To define idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) and its characteristics.
    • To differentiate IA from other conditions that mimic anaphylaxis.
    • To establish classification criteria for IA based on attack frequency and guide therapeutic approaches.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria for IA.
    • Differential diagnosis of conditions presenting with anaphylaxis-like symptoms.
    • Classification of IA into frequent (IA-F) and infrequent (IA-I) based on episode frequency.
    • Evaluation of treatment strategies, including prednisone for IA-F.

    Main Results:

    • IA presents with diverse symptoms, often consistent across episodes for an individual patient.
    • Differential diagnosis involves excluding conditions like indolent systemic mastocytosis, carcinoid syndrome, pheochromocytoma, and hereditary angioedema.
    • Urticaria presence can aid in distinguishing IA from other mimicking disorders, except for indolent systemic mastocytosis.
    • IA-F patients necessitate prednisone as a disease-modifying therapy, unlike most IA-I patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Idiopathic anaphylaxis requires a thorough diagnostic workup to exclude other causes.
    • Classification of IA based on attack frequency is crucial for determining appropriate initial therapy.
    • Patients with IA must be educated on epinephrine self-administration for acute episodes.