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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR
14:14

Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR

Published on: December 6, 2014

Chapter 27: Approach to primary immunodeficiency.

Ashraf Uzzaman, Ramsay L Fuleihan

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |July 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are inherited immune system defects causing increased infections. Newborn screening using T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) effectively identifies severe T-cell lymphopenia, aiding early diagnosis of PIDs.

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    Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

    Published on: April 11, 2019

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    Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR
    14:14

    Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR

    Published on: December 6, 2014

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    08:49

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    Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

    Published on: April 11, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Genetics
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are inherited defects affecting innate or adaptive immunity.
    • These defects increase susceptibility to infections, with varied clinical presentations based on the affected immune component.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the diverse manifestations of PIDs.
    • To highlight the utility of newborn screening for T-cell lymphopenia.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical presentations associated with specific immune defects.
    • Description of T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) analysis for newborn screening.

    Main Results:

    • Specific infection patterns correlate with distinct immune deficiencies (e.g., encapsulated bacteria with antibody deficiency, viral/fungal with T-cell defects).
    • TREC screening effectively identifies severe combined immunodeficiency and other T-cell lymphopenias in newborns.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding PID phenotypes aids in diagnosis.
    • Newborn screening for T-cell lymphopenia is crucial for early detection and management of severe PIDs.