Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 20, 2026
Intradermal Microdialysis: An Approach to Investigating Novel Mechanisms of Microvascular Dysfunction in Humans
Published on: July 21, 2023
Axon reflex-related hyperemia induced by short local heating is reproducible
Chung-Shin Huang1, Shwu-Fen Wang, Yuan-Feen Tsai
1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC. d95441002@ntu.edu.tw
Objectives:
The axon reflex (AR) flare is induced by antidromic activation of afferent C-fibers during nociceptive stimulation. This response has been suggested to be modulated by sympathetic activity and basal level of nitric oxide. In previously used protocols of local thermal hyperemia (LTH), AR flare has been used in combination with maximal vasodilatation to study the integrated endothelial function. The aim of this study was to investigate the intra-session reproducibility of short heating-induced AR flare, the specific neural-mediated portion of LTH, and to compare the reproducibility between different forms of data expression.
Methods:
Short-heating LTH was assessed using single-point laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) on bilateral volar surface of the forearm in 10 men and 10 women. The blood flux measurement included a non-heating process for 5 min, followed by a quick heating process from 33°C to 42°C for 5 min. The test was repeated 45 min later at the same recording sites with fixed holders. Baseline and heating blood flux were recorded and expressed as different forms of data. Reproducibility was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics.
Results:
The reproducibility of peak cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) (CV=16.02-17.31%, ICC=0.77-0.78), peak CVC change (CV=14.30-18.12%, ICC=0.80-0.86), and the 4 min area-under-the-curve (CV=18.37-18.70%, ICC=0.60-0.78) was acceptable. The time to peak flux of each recording site ranged from 90 to 209 s and all the peak fluxes have been achieved before 4 min of heating.
Conclusions:
Single-point LDF is a reproducible technique of assessing AR flare on volar surface of the forearm when the heating period is reduced to 5 min and the recording sites are fixed. Using this new protocol, short-heating LTH has a potential to be used to evaluate the effects of acute physical or chemical interventions between two short-heating LTH tests to further explore the pathophysiological meaning of heating-induced AR flare.
