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Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism

Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...

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Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Published on: March 19, 2020

New metal complexes with di(mono)acylhydrazidate molecules.

Juan Jin¹, Ming-Jun Jia, Guang-Hua Li

¹College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130023, China.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|July 17, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized novel metal-organic compounds using hydrothermal methods. These compounds feature unique acylhydrazidate ligands formed through in situ reactions, expanding coordination chemistry possibilities.

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Published on: October 8, 2016

Area of Science:

Coordination Chemistry
Materials Science
Organic Synthesis

Background:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers are crucial in materials science.
Hydrothermal synthesis offers a versatile route for creating complex inorganic structures.
Acylhydrazidate ligands present unique coordination properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore novel hydrothermal self-assemblies of metal salts and organic polycarboxylic acids.
To synthesize and characterize new di(mono)acylhydrazidate-coordinated compounds.
To investigate in situ ligand formation reactions during synthesis.

Main Methods:

Hydrothermal synthesis using metal salts (Pb, Cd), organic polycarboxylic acids, and hydrazine hydrate.
In situ acylation and nucleophilic addition reactions for ligand formation.
Characterization of the resulting compounds, including crystal structure analysis.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized five compounds: four di(mono)acylhydrazidate-coordinated metal complexes and one diacylhydrazide molecule.
Identified in situ acylation reactions as the source of acylhydrazidate ligands.
Observed a nucleophilic addition reaction in the formation of a specific ligand (DPHKH).

Conclusions:

Demonstrated the utility of simple hydrothermal self-assembly for creating novel coordination compounds.
Highlighted the significance of in situ ligand formation in dictating the final structure.
Expanded the library of metal-organic materials with potential applications in catalysis or sensing.