Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Auditory Cortex Distinguishes between Spontaneous and Sound-Evoked Movements.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Hierarchical recurrent temporal prediction as a model of the mammalian dorsal visual pathway.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Intelligent Reasoning Cues: A Framework and Case Study of the Roles of AI Information in Complex Decisions.

Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. CHI Conference·2026
Same author

Rethinking hierarchy: the auditory system as an integrated cortical-subcortical network.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Pitch at the Cocktail Party: A Comparative Approach to Studying Selective Attention.

Biology·2026
Same author

Dominant baboons experience more interrupted and less rest at night.

Current biology : CB·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Integrating information from different senses in the auditory cortex.

Andrew J King1, Kerry M M Walker

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. andrew.king@dpag.ox.ac.uk

Biological Cybernetics
|July 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multisensory integration occurs earlier in the auditory cortex than previously believed. This integration enhances sound perception and shapes neural responses, with neural signal multiplexing playing a key role.

More Related Videos

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
08:43

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Published on: October 22, 2015

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning
08:43

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

Published on: October 22, 2015

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Historically, multisensory integration was attributed to higher cortical areas.
  • Emerging evidence shows visual and somatosensory processing in early auditory cortex.
  • This challenges the traditional view of unisensory processing in early sensory fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on multisensory integration within the auditory cortex.
  • To explore the functional implications of cross-modal inputs in auditory processing.
  • To discuss the role of neural signal multiplexing in auditory cortex multisensory integration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing neuroscientific literature and experimental findings.
  • Analysis of studies documenting cross-modal responses in auditory cortical neurons.
  • Discussion of theoretical frameworks for neural signal multiplexing.

Main Results:

  • Auditory cortex, including primary fields, exhibits responses to visual and somatosensory stimuli.
  • Multisensory inputs can enhance sound detection and modulate auditory neuron receptive fields.
  • Neural signal multiplexing is proposed as a mechanism for integrating cross-modal information.

Conclusions:

  • Multisensory integration is present in early auditory cortex, not just higher-order areas.
  • This integration impacts auditory perception and neural coding.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise neural mechanisms of multisensory integration in the auditory cortex.