Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

GSH-activatable rare-earth nanoprobe for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided surgery and enhanced chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy of breast cancer.

Cancer letters·2026
Same author

Systems-level regulation principles for microbial lignin valorization.

Current opinion in biotechnology·2026
Same author

A NIR-Ⅱ fluorescent probe for real-time visualization and early assessment of responses to CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer.

Cancer letters·2026
Same author

TROP2-targeted NIR-II fluorescence imaging for visualizing surgical margins and metastatic sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancers.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Output Synchronization via Intermittent Dynamic Event-Triggered Sampled-Data Security Control for Delayed Reaction--Diffusion Neural Networks.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same author

Isoduprezianane-Type Sesquiterpene and Rare Isocedrenes from <i>Ainsliaea pertyoides</i> Franch. .

Journal of natural products·2025
Same journal

Crystal structure of 1-(piperidin-1-yl)butane-1,3-dione.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of methyl 1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-7-tosyl-3,6,7,11b-tetra-hydro-pyrazolo-[4',3':5,6]pyrano[3,4-c]quinoline-5a(5H)-carboxyl-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of 4-amino-1-(4-methyl-benz-yl)pyridinium bromide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of (Z)-3-benz-yloxy-6-[(2-hy-droxy-anilino)methyl-idene]cyclo-hexa-2,4-dien-1-one.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of bis-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) perchloric acid monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
Same journal

Crystal structure of 2-(di-phenyl-phos-phanyl)phenyl 4-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)benzoate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
10:42

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

Phenazinium methyl sulfate.

Nai-Qiang Zhang, Ping Li, Jian Dong

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |July 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a phenazinium salt. The research highlights the arrangement of planar phenazinium cations and methyl sulfate anions, revealing key π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding in the solid state.

    More Related Videos

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
    04:38

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

    Published on: July 28, 2022

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
    11:45

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

    Published on: August 22, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 20, 2026

    Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
    10:42

    Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

    Published on: January 3, 2018

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
    04:38

    Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

    Published on: July 28, 2022

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
    11:45

    Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

    Published on: August 22, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Materials Science
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • Phenazinium salts are organic compounds with potential applications in various fields.
    • Understanding the solid-state structure is crucial for predicting material properties.
    • Crystal packing and intermolecular interactions dictate macroscopic behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title phenazinium salt.
    • To analyze the arrangement and interactions of phenazinium cations and methyl sulfate anions.
    • To investigate the role of π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding in the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of the crystal structure included examining cation planarity and anion disorder.
    • Intermolecular interactions such as π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding were identified and quantified.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure consists of an almost planar phenazinium cation and a disordered methyl sulfate anion.
    • Cations and anions are arranged in alternating layers parallel to the (010) plane.
    • Cations exhibit π-π interactions with a shortest inter-planar distance of 3.421 Å, and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of the phenazinium methyl sulfate salt.
    • The observed crystal packing, including π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding, influences the material's properties.
    • This structural insight is valuable for the design and development of related organic materials.