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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for the...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.

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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

2,4,6-Trinitro-phenyl 3-methyl-benzoate.

Rodolfo Moreno-Fuquen, Fabricio Mosquera, Javier Ellena

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |July 17, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a benzoate derivative (C14H9N3O8). Researchers observed significant twists between benzene rings and ester units, with molecules forming helical chains via C-H⋯O interactions.

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    One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
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    One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

    Published on: January 15, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography

    Background:

    • Benzoate derivatives are important organic compounds with diverse applications.
    • Understanding the crystal structure of novel derivatives is crucial for predicting their properties and potential uses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of a specific benzoate derivative (C14H9N3O8).
    • To analyze the molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of dihedral and bond angles provided insights into molecular geometry.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure revealed a significant dihedral angle of 87.48(5)° between benzene rings.
    • A notable twist of 19.42(7)° was observed between the ester unit and the methyl-benzene ring.
    • Weak C-H⋯O interactions were identified as the driving force for helical chain formation along the [010] direction.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of the benzoate derivative.
    • The observed molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions offer insights into the solid-state behavior of this compound.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in benzoate derivatives.