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Related Concept Videos

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
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Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

2,2'-Sulfonyl-dipyrazine 4-oxide.

Ai-Min Li1, Ya Zhang, Zhi-Wei Wang

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|July 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(8)H(6)N(4)O(3)S. Molecular interactions like hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking arrange molecules into a 3D network.

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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular arrangement is crucial for predicting material properties.
  • Organic compounds with nitrogen and sulfur offer diverse functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(8)H(6)N(4)O(3)S.
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing its solid-state architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions was performed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure reveals a dihedral angle of 85.04° between pyrazine rings.
  • Molecules form infinite chains via C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and pyrazine-pyrazine π-π interactions (3.800 Å).
  • Chains assemble into layers through C-H⋯O(oxide) bonds, further forming a 3D network via C-H⋯O(sulfonyl) interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The compound exhibits a complex three-dimensional supramolecular network driven by specific hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions.
  • The detailed structural analysis provides a foundation for understanding its potential applications in materials science.