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The dynamic still-face effect: do infants decrease bidding over time when parents are not responsive?

Naomi V Ekas1, John D Haltigan, Daniel S Messinger

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Miami, USA. naomi.ekas@tcu.edu

Developmental Psychology
|July 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants change their behavior during the still-face paradigm (SFP), decreasing social bids and increasing distress. These within-episode changes predict infant attachment and internalizing problems.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Infant social interaction

Background:

  • The still-face paradigm (SFP) assesses infant expectations of parental responsiveness.
  • Previous research focused on behavioral changes between SFP episodes, not within.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically test if infant behavior changes dynamically within the still-face (SF) episode.
  • To examine the association between these within-episode changes and infant development.

Main Methods:

  • Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze infant behavior during the SF episode.
  • Key behaviors analyzed included gazing, smiling, social bidding, and crying.

Main Results:

  • Infant gazing, smiling, and social bidding significantly decreased over time within the SF episode.
  • Infant cry-face expressions significantly increased over time within the SF episode.
  • These dynamic behavioral changes were linked to infant attachment security and internalizing problems.

Conclusions:

  • Infant behavior changes dynamically within the still-face episode, reflecting responses to parental unresponsiveness.
  • The dynamic still-face effect is a novel measure predicting individual differences in infant development.