Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...

Translational Regulation

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Compound design of a patient-derived 3D cell culture system modelling early peritoneal endometriosis.

Disease models & mechanisms·2025

Same author

Demystifying Higher-Order Graph Neural Networks.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2025

Same author

Demystifying Chains, Trees, and Graphs of Thoughts.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2025

Same author

Microphysiological Systems for Comorbidity Studies: Chronic Kidney Disease and Osteoarthritis.

Advanced healthcare materials·2025

Same author

Dynamic WT1 expression during gastrulation specifies peritoneal smooth muscle fate independently of mesothelial fate.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2025

Same author

Effectiveness of, access to and need for electroconvulsive therapy in forensic psychiatric hospitals: a survey in Germany and Switzerland.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Protocol for the Production of KLRG1 Tetramer

A Protocol for the Production of KLRG1 Tetramer

Published on: January 12, 2010

ERK5: structure, regulation and function.

Gopika N Nithianandarajah-Jones¹, Bettina Wilm, Christopher E P Goldring

¹MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Cellular Signalling

|July 18, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is a unique MAPK member regulating cell growth and cardiovascular development. Its role in cancer and new inhibitor developments are reviewed.

More Related Videos

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

Published on: November 2, 2018

Production of Disulfide-stabilized Transmembrane Peptide Complexes for Structural Studies

Production of Disulfide-stabilized Transmembrane Peptide Complexes for Structural Studies

Published on: March 6, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Protocol for the Production of KLRG1 Tetramer

A Protocol for the Production of KLRG1 Tetramer

Published on: January 12, 2010

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

Published on: November 2, 2018

Production of Disulfide-stabilized Transmembrane Peptide Complexes for Structural Studies

Production of Disulfide-stabilized Transmembrane Peptide Complexes for Structural Studies

Published on: March 6, 2013

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Signaling
Biochemistry

Background:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (BMK1), is a distinct member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family.
ERK5 possesses a unique structural and functional carboxy-terminal domain, differentiating it from other MAPKs.
It is widely expressed and activated by stimuli like growth factors and cellular stresses, regulating cell proliferation and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the physiological and pathological roles of ERK5.
To discuss the regulation of ERK5 kinase activity.
To highlight recent advancements in small molecule inhibitors targeting the ERK5 signaling cascade.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on ERK5.
Analysis of studies involving targeted deletion of Erk5 in mice.
Examination of data on ERK5's involvement in pathological conditions.

Main Results:

ERK5 signaling is crucial for cardiovascular development and maintaining vascular integrity.
ERK5 plays a potential role in cancer and tumor angiogenesis.
Small molecule inhibitors targeting ERK5 are under development.

Conclusions:

ERK5 is a significant signaling molecule with critical roles in both normal physiology and disease.
Further research into ERK5 regulation and inhibition holds therapeutic potential for conditions like cancer.