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Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model
04:11

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

Published on: October 27, 2023

Gorham disease in the maxilla.

Jie He1, Yue He, Weiliu Qiu

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|July 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gorham disease, a rare vascular disorder causing bone loss, can affect the maxilla. This report details a unique case of Gorham disease presenting solely in the maxilla of a 37-year-old male patient.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model
04:11

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Published on: October 27, 2023

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
05:54

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Published on: October 18, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Gorham disease is a rare idiopathic condition characterized by vascular proliferation and osteolysis.
  • Diagnosis involves excluding other causes of bone loss, including congenital, metabolic, neoplastic, immunologic, and infectious etiologies.
  • Craniofacial involvement is common, frequently affecting the mandible.

Observation:

  • This study reports a rare case of Gorham disease isolated to the maxilla.
  • The patient was a 37-year-old male presenting with maxillary osteolysis.
  • This presentation is highly unusual, with only one prior reported case of isolated maxillary Gorham disease.

Findings:

  • The case confirms that Gorham disease can present exclusively in the maxilla.
  • Radiological and histological findings were consistent with Gorham disease.
  • Differential diagnosis was crucial to exclude other osteolytic pathologies.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of Gorham disease presentation.
  • Highlights the importance of considering Gorham disease in cases of isolated maxillary osteolysis.
  • May prompt further research into the specific factors influencing disease localization in the craniofacial region.