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Related Concept Videos

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential.
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Whole-Cell Recording of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) Currents in Human T Lymphocytes
15:29

Whole-Cell Recording of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) Currents in Human T Lymphocytes

Published on: December 21, 2010

Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) current, structure, and function.

Martin Muik1, Rainer Schindl, Marc Fahrner

  • 1Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|July 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Store-operated calcium entry involves STIM1 sensing calcium store depletion and activating Orai channels. This review details the molecular mechanisms linking these proteins to calcium current regulation.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Whole-Cell Recording of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) Currents in Human T Lymphocytes
15:29

Whole-Cell Recording of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) Currents in Human T Lymphocytes

Published on: December 21, 2010

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+
12:30

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+

Published on: May 19, 2017

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels
07:17

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels

Published on: December 13, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Cell Biology
  • Ion Channel Physiology
  • Calcium Signaling

Background:

  • Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a critical cellular mechanism.
  • It links intracellular calcium store status to plasma membrane calcium influx.
  • STIM and Orai proteins are key regulators of SOCE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of STIM1 and Orai in SOCE.
  • To elucidate the steps from store depletion to channel activation.
  • To discuss the regulation of calcium currents by these proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular and cellular studies.
  • Analysis of protein interactions and signaling pathways.
  • Focus on STIM1 and Orai function.

Main Results:

  • STIM1 acts as the calcium store sensor in the ER.
  • STIM1 signals store depletion to the plasma membrane.
  • STIM1 directly activates the Orai calcium channel.

Conclusions:

  • STIM1 and Orai form the core machinery for SOCE.
  • Understanding their coupling is crucial for calcium current regulation.
  • This review provides insights into the molecular basis of SOCE.