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Application of DNA Barcoding to Identify Medicinal Plants

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Published on: November 1, 2024

Identification of cortex herbs using the DNA barcode nrITS2.

Zhiying Sun¹, Shilin Chen

¹College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Natural Medicines

|July 18, 2012

Summary

The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA region effectively distinguishes Chinese Pharmacopoeia cortex herbs. This genetic marker is suitable for identifying traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) materials, ensuring authenticity and quality control.

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Area of Science:

Botany
Molecular Biology
Pharmacognosy

Background:

Accurate identification of medicinal herbs is crucial for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
The Chinese Pharmacopoeia lists numerous cortex herbs requiring reliable discrimination methods.
Genetic markers offer objective approaches for species identification.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA as a DNA barcode for identifying cortex herbs.
To differentiate between closely related species and ensure the quality of TCM ingredients.

Main Methods:

DNA extraction and sequencing of the ITS2 region from 51 samples of 19 cortex herb species.
Phylogenetic analysis using the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model and neighbor-joining (NJ) method with MEGA 4.0 software.
Sequence assembly using CodonCode Aligner for accurate data processing.

Main Results:

ITS2 sequences varied from 207 to 256 bp and were readily amplified.
Intraspecific genetic distance (0–0.073) was significantly lower than interspecific genetic distance (mean 0.868).
Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clear separation, with all studied medicinal materials forming monophyletic groups.

Conclusions:

The ITS2 DNA barcode is a reliable and effective tool for identifying cortex herbs listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
This genetic approach will significantly contribute to the quality control and authenticity verification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).