Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Universal and culture-tuned neural codes for vocal emotion: an fMRI MVPA study using Japanese and Canadian voices.

Oxford open neuroscience·2026
Same author

Pure global amusia in a professional opera singer.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Voice information processing by the primate brain.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026
Same author

Transformer brain encoders explain human high-level visual responses.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

Reconstructing voice identity from noninvasive auditory cortex recordings.

eLife·2026
Same author

In Silico Mapping of Visual Categorical Selectivity Across the Whole Brain.

ArXiv·2025
Same journal

Differentiation of cortical areas: effects of free energy minimization with broken symmetry.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Prior exposure to speech rapidly modulates cortical processing of high-level linguistic structure.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Beta bursts in SMA mediate anticipatory muscle inhibition.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Cognitive load modulates the effects of social contexts on facial expression processing.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

The neural mechanisms of aligning spatial perspectives.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Relationships between bilateral tapping skills and brain gray matter volumes: a voxel-based morphometry study.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Abstract encoding of auditory objects in cortical activity patterns.

Bruno L Giordano1, Stephen McAdams, Robert J Zatorre

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. brunog@psy.gla.ac.uk

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|July 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human brain abstracts non-speech sounds, like living and action sounds, in the temporal cortex. This abstract encoding extends beyond speech, suggesting a general auditory processing principle.

Keywords:
categorizationcondition-rich designfMRImultivariate information-based mappingtemporal cortex

More Related Videos

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Auditory object processing is thought to occur along a hierarchical temporal
  • what
  • stream, abstracting information from low-level structure to higher-level categories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether abstract encoding, independent of low-level acoustic features, applies to non-speech auditory categories.
  • To determine if abstract encoding of auditory objects extends to non-speech sounds and operates in brain regions beyond the anterior temporal lobe.

Main Methods:

  • Multivariate analyses of functional imaging data (fMRI).
  • Systematic analysis of low-level acoustical information in non-speech sound categories.
  • Examination of activity patterns in the middle-to-posterior temporal cortex.

Main Results:

  • Abstract encoding of living and human-action sound categories was observed.
  • This abstract encoding was found in the fine-grained spatial distribution of activity in the middle-to-posterior temporal cortex, including the planum temporale.
  • Evidence suggests abstract encoding extends to non-speech biological sounds and occurs outside the anterior temporal lobe.

Conclusions:

  • Abstract encoding of auditory objects is a general principle that extends to non-speech sounds.
  • The findings implicate the middle-to-posterior temporal cortex in abstract auditory object representation.
  • These neural processes may have played a role in the evolution of speech perception.