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Related Concept Videos

Schemas01:42

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Schemata01:17

Schemata

A schema is a mental construct that organizes related concepts, allowing the brain to process information efficiently. Upon activation, schemata facilitate assumptions about people or objects.
Two types of schemata are:
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

Anterior cingulate cortex in schema assimilation and expression.

Szu-Han Wang1, Dorothy Tse, Richard G M Morris

  • 1Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, The University of Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Edinburgh, United Kingdom. s.wang@ed.ac.uk

Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)
|July 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The anterior cingulate cortex aids schema storage via a neocortical network. NMDA and AMPA receptor transmission are crucial for updating and expressing stored information, respectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • Mental schemas facilitate efficient information processing in humans and animals.
  • Associative frameworks are key to storing and retrieving information.
  • Understanding the neural basis of schema storage is crucial for cognitive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural network involved in schema storage.
  • To determine the role of specific neurotransmitter receptors in schema updating and expression.
  • To elucidate the function of the anterior cingulate cortex in memory formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a hippocampal-dependent paired-associate task in a human or animal model.
  • Examined the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in a neocortical network.
  • Investigated the roles of NMDA and AMPA receptor-mediated transmission.

Main Results:

  • Identified the anterior cingulate cortex as part of a neocortical network for schema storage.
  • Demonstrated that NMDA receptor-mediated transmission is critical for information updating.
  • Confirmed that AMPA receptor-mediated transmission is required for both expression and updating of stored information.

Conclusions:

  • The anterior cingulate cortex plays a significant role in the neocortical storage of mental schemas.
  • Neurotransmitter receptor function, specifically NMDA and AMPA pathways, is essential for dynamic memory processes.
  • This research provides insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying associative learning and memory consolidation.