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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
In analytical chemistry, the choice of sampling...
Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

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Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

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Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...

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Published on: August 3, 2016

Barcoding sponges: an overview based on comprehensive sampling.

Sergio Vargas1, Astrid Schuster, Katharina Sacher

  • 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, München, Germany.

Plos One
|July 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Sponge Barcoding Project developed a DNA barcoding workflow to identify sponge species, addressing taxonomic challenges. This method aids in refining sponge systematics and understanding biodiversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Genomics
  • Taxonomy

Background:

  • Phylum Porifera encompasses approximately 8,500 species globally, inhabiting diverse aquatic environments.
  • Sponge taxonomy is complex, with morphological identification often hindered by convergent evolution and secondary losses.
  • DNA barcoding offers a rapid and accurate method for identifying sponge species of unknown taxonomic status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a comprehensive DNA barcode database for Phylum Porifera.
  • To report on the workflow and progress of the Sponge Barcoding Project.
  • To identify and address challenges in sponge DNA barcoding.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of DNA from approximately 7,400 sponge specimens.
  • Attempted amplification of the standard cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding fragment from ~3,300 museum samples.
  • Development of a DNA-barcoding workflow for processing large sponge collections.

Main Results:

  • Achieved approximately 25% mean amplification success for the COI barcoding fragment.
  • Presented the first report on the workflow and progress of the sponge barcoding initiative.
  • Identified common pitfalls in sponge barcoding, including co-amplification of non-target organisms.

Conclusions:

  • A robust DNA-barcoding workflow has been successfully implemented for the Sponge Barcoding Project.
  • Ongoing development addresses challenges like non-target organism amplification.
  • The project demonstrates significant advancements in sponge systematics, morphometrics, and geographic variability assessment using DNA barcoding.