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Updated: May 20, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
Published on: September 26, 2025
[Transdermal behavior of effective constituents in xuanbi gel plaster]
Yuehuan Liu1, Yang Lu, Shouying Du
1School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China. rita_liu009@163.com
Objective:
To study the transdermal absorbability of gentiopicroside, naringin and protosappanin B contained in Xuanbi gel plaster.
Method:
The Franz diffusing cells method was adopted for the in vitro model of rat belly skins. Three indexes, gentiopicroside, naringin and protosappanin B, residued in the accept liquid, skins and plaster were determined by HPLC.
Result:
The penetration rates of gentiopicroside, naringin and protosappanin B were respectively 3.47, 1.59, 2.13 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1). After 24 h, their penetration rates were 25.42%, 11.73%, 17.78%, respectively. The residual quantities of gentiopieroside, naringin and protosappanin B in skin were 0.231, 0.593, 0.568 microg x cm(-2), ith the retention rates of 0.027%, 0.227%, 0.475%, respectively. The amount of residue of gentiopicroside, naringin and protosappanin B in plaster were 2179, 674, 278 microg, with the retention rates of 81.36%, 81.92%, 73.83%, respectively.
Conclusion:
The in vitro transdermal behavior of Xuanbi gel plaster is close to a zero-order process. The residual quantity the retention rate in skins is much lower than the penetration rate and the residual rate in plaster.
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