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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
11:44

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Published on: September 27, 2017

Moderate and extreme maternal obesity.

M O Abdelmaboud1, H Ryan, M Hession

  • 1Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology, University Hospital, Newcastle Road, Galway.

Irish Medical Journal
|July 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity in Irish pregnant women is rising, with moderate to extreme obesity increasing significantly over a decade. This trend is linked to higher risks of emergency C-sections and other pregnancy complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rising rates of obesity present significant challenges in obstetric care.
  • Understanding the prevalence and outcomes of obesity in pregnancy is crucial for maternal health.
  • Previous studies have highlighted various risks associated with obesity during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of moderate and extreme obesity in an Irish obstetric population over a 10-year period (2000-2009).
  • To analyze the obstetric characteristics and outcomes of pregnancies complicated by moderate to extreme obesity.
  • To identify trends in obesity prevalence and associated delivery methods.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 31,869 deliveries between 2000 and 2009.
  • Categorization of obese women based on Body Mass Index (BMI): Class 2 (35-39.9) and Class 3 (≥40).
  • Comparison of emergency caesarean section (EMCS) rates between obese and non-obese women, and across different obesity classes, considering parity.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥35) increased from 0.21% to 1.18% per 1000 deliveries over the study period (P=0.001).
  • Obese women, particularly primigravida, faced a higher risk of emergency caesarean section (EMCS) compared to multigravid women (P<0.001).
  • No significant difference in EMCS rates was found between Class 2 and Class 3 obese women when matched for parity.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate and extreme obesity are prevalent and increasing in the Irish obstetric population.
  • The rising rates of obesity are associated with increased rates of abdominal delivery, specifically emergency C-sections.
  • These findings underscore the serious implications of increasing obesity for maternal morbidity during pregnancy.