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Shape-shifting micro- and nanopatterns controlled by temperature.

Christopher M Kolodziej1, Heather D Maynard

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 19, 2012
PubMed
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Researchers created shape-changing micro- and nanostructures using thermally responsive poly(triethylene glycol methacrylate) (pTEGMA) hydrogels. These smart materials reversibly transform patterns with temperature changes, enabling novel responsive designs.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Responsive materials are crucial for advanced applications.
  • Controlling shape changes at the micro/nanoscale is challenging.
  • Thermoresponsive polymers offer tunable responses to temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop micro/nanoscale features with predictable shape-changing capabilities.
  • To utilize thermally responsive polymers for pattern alteration.
  • To demonstrate reversible shape transformations for information encoding.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of surface-immobilized poly(triethylene glycol methacrylate) (pTEGMA) using electron-beam lithography.
  • Incorporation of nonresponsive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to create multicomponent features.

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  • Induction of thermal stimuli to observe shape changes.

    • Main Results:

    • pTEGMA hydrogels exhibited significant thermal responsivity, collapsing up to 95% in height with heat.
    • Multicomponent features showed predictable pattern alteration as only the thermoresponsive component changed shape.
    • Reversible transformations were demonstrated for various shapes, including squares-to-triangles and smiles-to-neutral faces at micro/nanoscale.

    Conclusions:

    • Electron-beam lithography enables precise fabrication of thermoresponsive micro/nanostructures.
    • Differential response of polymer components allows for controlled, reversible pattern morphing.
    • These shape-changing features hold potential for applications in micro-robotics, sensors, and data storage.