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Efficient power extraction in surface-emitting semiconductor lasers using graded photonic heterostructures.

Gangyi Xu1, Raffaele Colombelli, Suraj P Khanna

  • 1Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris Sud, UMR8622 CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.

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|July 19, 2012
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Summary

Researchers developed graded photonic heterostructures to enhance surface-emitting semiconductor laser efficiency. This method forces operation on high-efficiency symmetric modes, achieving record terahertz quantum cascade laser power and improved emission patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Semiconductor Lasers
  • Quantum Cascade Lasers

Background:

  • Distributed feedback (DFB) surface-emitting semiconductor lasers typically operate on low-loss antisymmetric modes, limiting power extraction efficiency.
  • Optimizing these lasers requires managing radiation loss and enhancing modal control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel approach using graded photonic heterostructures to control mode selection and enhance radiation efficiency in DFB surface-emitting lasers.
  • To investigate the application of this concept in terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of graded photonic heterostructures to spatially separate symmetric and antisymmetric modes.
  • Integration of absorbing boundaries to increase loss for antisymmetric modes.
  • Analysis of modal behavior and device performance, including power output and efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Successful localization of symmetric modes and confinement of antisymmetric modes.
  • Forced device operation on high-efficiency symmetric modes.
  • Achieved record peak-power surface emission (>100 mW) and differential efficiencies (230 mW/A) in THz QCLs.
  • Demonstrated low-divergence, single-lobed emission patterns and applicability to continuous-wave operation.

Conclusions:

  • Graded photonic heterostructures offer flexible tuning of radiation loss, significantly improving DFB laser performance.
  • This approach enhances efficiency and beam quality without substantially increasing threshold current.
  • The method is highly promising for optimizing second-order DFB lasers across various applications.