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Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...
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Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen. They primarily include purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria. These bacteria are classified into the Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, and Chloroflexi lineages, each with distinct physiological and ecological adaptations.Purple sulfur bacteria belong to the...
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Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their genes show strong...
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Pesticides often feature structurally complex chemical architectures, incorporating halogen groups and multiple aromatic rings. These characteristics confer high chemical stability, rendering many pesticides resistant to natural degradation processes. This resistance poses significant environmental concerns, as persistent pesticide residues can accumulate in ecosystems and affect non-target organisms.Despite the inherent stability of many pesticides, certain microorganisms possess the metabolic...

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Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
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Chromate reduction by a chromate-resistant bacterium, Microbacterium sp.

Zhaoming Liu1, Yan Wu, Chengfeng Lei

  • 1Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan 44#, Wuhan city, 430071, Hubei province, People's Republic of China.

World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
|July 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A novel Microbacterium sp. strain, CR-07, effectively reduces toxic hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in contaminated environments. This environmentally friendly microbial reduction offers a cost-effective alternative to chemical methods for heavy metal remediation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Bioremediation
  • Heavy Metal Contamination

Background:

  • Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widespread environmental pollutant.
  • Microbiological reduction is a promising, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method for chromate remediation compared to chemical reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and identify a bacterial strain capable of reducing Cr(VI).
  • To investigate the tolerance and reduction capabilities of the isolated strain against Cr(VI) and other heavy metals.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of a chromate-resistant bacterial strain (CR-07) from iron ore mud.
  • Identification of the strain as Microbacterium sp.
  • Assessing Cr(VI) tolerance and reduction in liquid culture.
  • Investigating the mechanism of chromate reduction.

Main Results:

  • The isolated Microbacterium sp. strain CR-07 exhibited high tolerance to Cr(VI) (up to 4.08 mM K(2)Cr(2)O(7)).
  • The bacterium demonstrated resistance to multiple heavy metals including Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Co(2+), Hg(2+), and Ag(+).
  • Strain CR-07 removed 1.02 mM of Cr(VI) within 36 hours, with reduction occurring in the supernatant, and glutathione was identified as a contributing factor.

Conclusions:

  • Microbacterium sp. CR-07 is a robust candidate for bioremediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated sites.
  • The bacterium's ability to reduce Cr(VI) is linked to the production of glutathione.
  • Microbial reduction offers a sustainable approach to mitigate chromium pollution.